![]() This gives rise to new interesting phenomena such as Rabi splitting. In a strong coupling regime, the interaction between the SPPs and the emitters cannot anymore be explained by the regular absorption and emission, based on the Fermi Golden rule. Conversion from light to the SPP modes and vice versa can also be done by employing fluorescent molecules, and one of the most powerful techniques of the SPPs propagation imaging is also based on the scattering of the SPPs into photons that excite fluorescent molecules (or direct excitation of the molecules by SPPs). In many cases, the interactions between the SPPs and the emitters are governed by the weak coupling, resulting in a development of new nanodimensional photonic elements such as planar frequency converters or planar refractive elements with a desirable refractive index. Due to this, the combination of SPPs with emitters, such as dye molecules and quantum dots, is a heavily studied field of research nowadays. Similarly, also the enhancement of the fluorescence by surface plasmons has been under intense study. In addition, a huge field enhancement near the interface, produced by the confinement, has been widely utilized in a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, SPPs offer fascinating prospects for the photoelectronics, for example, by evading the diffraction limit and, thus, enabling the efficient integration with electronics, so far prevented by the size mismatch of the ever diminishing electrical but diffraction limited optical components. They propagate in a wavelike fashion, like two-dimensional light bound to a metal-dielectric interface, however, with all the properties modified by the subwavelength confinement of these optical fully evanescent fields. The surface plasmon polaritons are coupled modes of electromagnetic waves and oscillations of free electrons in a metal surface. Many kinds of surface waves, e.g., surface phonon polaritons, surface magnetoplasmons, and, especially, surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), exist within the optical range and have been shown to provide the way for a possible nanoscale integration of photonics. While optical microcavities and photonic crystals have pushed the light to its spatial limit, already producing many interesting nonlinear effects, different methods are needed for a real nanoscale confinement. The vast development of nanotechnology has mainly concentrated on the areas of novel materials or nanometer scale devices with electrical or (bio)chemical functionalities, while the optics and photonics have lacked behind, mostly due to the diffraction limit. Detection of the scattered radiation after the propagation provides another way to obtain the dispersion relation of the surface plasmon polaritons and, thus, provides insight into dynamics of the surface plasmon polariton/dye interaction, beyond the refrectometry measurements. Transfer matrix and coupled oscillator methods are used to model the studied multilayer structures with a great agreement with the experiments. The split energies are dependent on the number of Sulforhodamine 101 molecules involved in the coupling process. Clear Rabi splittings, with energies up to 360 and 190 meV, are observed at the positions of the dye absorption maxima. Dispersion curves for surface plasmon polaritons on samples with a thin layer of silver covered with Sulforhodamine 101 molecules embedded in SU-8 polymer are obtained experimentally by reflectometry measurements and compared to the dispersion of samples without molecules. We demonstrate a strong coupling between surface plasmon polaritons and Sulforhodamine 101 dye molecules.
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